The sharp increase in prices, as well as rabid unemployment, only fueled the already dissatisfied working class’ zeal for political change. 1917. Workers established control over production and distribution in many factories and plants in a social revolution. At first, the event was referred to as the "October Coup" (Октябрьский переворот) or the "Uprising of the 3rd," as seen in contemporary documents (for example, in the first editions of Lenin's complete works). All Rights Reserved. [23], As Kerensky left Petrograd, Lenin wrote a proclamation To the Citizens of Russia, stating that the Provisional Government had been overthrown by the Military-Revolutionary Committee. The October Revolution was later diverted and betrayed, particularly after 1923 when Lenin’s failing health forced him to withdraw from active leadership of the party. They blamed their managers or foremen and would even attack them in the factories. Guided by Lenin's leadership and his firm grasp of scientific Marxist theory, the Party led the "logically predetermined" events of the October Revolution from beginning to end. 2 was first performed on 5 November 1927 by the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra and the Academy Capella Choir under the direction of Nikolai Malko. During the war Russia were suffering heavy military defeats, especially in the battle of Tannennburg. The Provisional Government, with the support of Socialist-Revolutionary Party-Menshevik leaders of the All-Russian Executive Committee of the Soviets, ordered an armed attack against the demonstrators, killing hundreds. [16] On 27 August, feeling betrayed by the government, Kornilov pushed on towards Petrograd. They wanted the war to end so things could get back to normal and they could have things like bread and land. © 2003 - 2015 Marked by Teachers. The actual details for the revolution were left to Leon Trotsky but the actual date for it to begin was left to Lenin. Contrary to popular belief, Lenin did not overthrow the Tsar. As the Revolution was not universally recognized, the country descended into civil war, which would last until 1923 and ultimately lead to the creation of the Soviet Union in late 1922. While the turning point for the revolution is widely accepted as World War I, but the revolution was not an inevitable byproduct of war and there are long-term causes that are equally important to recognize. Actually, nothing could have fitted Karl Marx’s revolutionary formula less than did Russia in 1917. The long term causes were economic concerns and hardship. Already have an account? The Provisional Government was also unable to locate any serviceable vehicles. That same day, posters were pinned on walls and fences by the right-wing Socialist Revolutionaries, describing the takeover as a "crime against the motherland" and "revolution"; this signaled the next wave of anti-Bolshevik sentiment. Join over 1.2 million students every month, Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month. The European powers recognized the Soviet Union in the early 1920s and began to engage in business with it after the New Economic Policy (NEP) was implemented. On the other hand, the Western Allies saw it as a violent coup, which used the democratic Soviet councils only until they were no longer useful. [citation needed] Dybenko in his memoirs mentioned this event as "several shots in the air". The same mariners then dispersed by force the elected parliament of Russia,[30] and used machine-gun fire against demonstrators in Petrograd,[citation needed] killing about 100 demonstrators and wounding several hundred. ; 23 October, N.S. Of this, debts to foreign governments constituted more than 11 billion rubles. Right-wingers felt betrayed, and the left-wing was resurgent. Bu… ", This page was last edited on 9 February 2021, at 19:49. 5 Causes of the Russian Revolution! 2 in B major, Op. (ii) It led to the establishment of world's first communist/socialist government. [47] In Estonia, two rival governments emerged: the Estonian Provincial Assembly, established in April 1917, proclaimed itself the supreme legal authority of Estonia on 28 November 1917 and issued the Declaration of Independence on 24 February 1918;[48] but Soviet Russia recognized the Executive Committee of the Soviets of Estonia as the legal authority in the province, although the Soviets in Estonia controlled only the capital and a few other major towns. So here, the failure of the provisional government meant a loss of support from the troops. The diamond 9 activity worked a dream as they all enjoyed working … In the first days of Lebanon’s revolution, protesters laughed as they chanted, buoyant in the thrill of the enormous crowd. ; 6 November N.S. From the beginning of September to the October Revolution there were over a third as many peasant actions than since March. [10], Soldiers' wives were key players in the unrest in the villages. Service, Robert (1998). The next day, the Mensheviks seized power in Georgia and declared it an independent republic; the Don Cossacks also claimed control of their government. The October Revolution: The October Revolution (November 7, 1917 - November 8, 1917) was the second revolution to occur in Russia in a short period of time. "The Revolution at One Hundred: Issues and Trends in the English Language Historiography of the Russian Revolution of 1917. The provisional government had taken power after being proclaimed by Grand Duke Michael, Tsar Nicholas II's younger brother, who declined to take power after the Tsar stepped down. Most of the agricultural land was owned by the the royal family and nobility, yet the peasants, a large majority, were forced … [59] In 2006, S. V. Iarov employed this methodology when he focused on citizen adjustment to the new Soviet system. A history of twentieth-century Russia. Betina Velasco Mr. Lira MWH, 6th period October 26, 2014 Causes of the Russian Revolution For three centuries before the revolution, life in Russia was not peaceful. By autumn, the peasant movement against the landowners had spread to 482 of 624 counties, or 77% of the country. Kerensky gave an ultimatum to the rifle garrison to lay down weapons, which was promptly refused. The long term causes were economic concerns and hardship. Upon police intervention, protesters responded with "rakes, sticks, rocks, and fists. 1900–1916: 1905 Revolution and Bloody Sunday | Outbreak of First World War. The PowerPoint contains 2 lessons. The October Revolution, then, produced a highly militarized version of socialism, one in which state control and violence became fundamental components. ; 6 November, N.S.) The Role of the Bolshevicks (The opposition of the PG) was one of the other main factors to why there was a revolution. or Mongol conquest • Grand Duchy of Moscow, February Revolution • Provisional Government Russian Revolution, two revolutions in 1917, the first of which, in February (March, New Style), overthrew the imperial government and the second of which, in October (November), placed the Bolsheviks in power, leading to the creation of the Soviet Union. The October Revolution: The October Revolution (November 7, 1917 - November 8, 1917) was the second revolution to occur in Russia in a short period of time. Sign up to view the whole essay and download the PDF for anytime access on your computer, tablet or smartphone. After the fall of Moscow, there was only minor public anti-Bolshevik sentiment, such as the newspaper Novaya Zhizn, which criticized the Bolsheviks' lack of manpower and organization in running their party, let alone a government. On 31 October 1917 (13 November, N.S), the Bolsheviks gained control of Moscow after a week of bitter street-fighting. Luke Sutherland, October Revolution essay, 03/05/07 ...read more. Over 42% of all the cases of destruction (usually burning down and seizing property from the landlord's estate) recorded between February and October occurred in October. [43], On 20 December 1917 (2 January 1918, N.S. At the same time, the cost of living increased sharply. 7 November, the anniversary of the October Revolution according to the Gregorian Calendar, was the official national day of the Soviet Union from 1918 onward and still is a public holiday in Belarus and the breakaway territory of Transnistria. The October revolution, in turn, triggered the Russian Civil War which was eventually won by the Bolsheviks. On 31 August, the Petrograd Soviet of Workers and Soldiers Deputies—and, on 5 September, the Moscow Soviet Workers Deputies—adopted the Bolshevik resolutions on the question of power. [6], By October 1917, peasant uprisings were common. [26] At 6:15 p.m., a large group of artillery cadets abandoned the palace, taking their artillery with them. The people were also important because it was them who the Bolshevicks needed to gain the support of, and when they did, another revolution was possible. 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CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Miljan, Toivo. GCSE resources with teacher and student feedback, AS and A Level resources with teacher and student feedback, International Baccalaureate resources with teacher and student feedback, University resources with teacher and student feedback. Causes of the Russian October Revolution 1917 Listly by isabella-1 Here is a list of a few of the causes that led up to the Russian October Revolution in 1917 to add to to your historical knowledge! The long-term causes span from Alexander III's reign to the 1905 revolution, while the short-term causes include WWI and the February 1917 revolution. Some insist that the USSR created an early stage of socialism and others more modestly claim an industrial society with socialist characteristics. By 2:10 a.m. on 26 October, Bolshevik forces had gained control. It was, instead, a series of events that led to the war.Essentially, it began as a disagreement over the way Great Britain governed the colonies and the way the colonies thought they should be treated. It was the precipi… In what became known as the Kornilov affair, General Lavr Kornilov, who had been Commander-in-Chief since 18 July, with Kerensky's agreement directed an army under Aleksandr Krymov to march toward Petrograd to restore order. The mass demonstrations resulted in a crisis for the Provisional Government. An issue, which greatly increased support for the Bolshevicks, was the fact that they were the only party who wanted to finish with the war, this increased support for their party because all the troops and most of the Russian public wanted the war to finish. [40] This eventually developed into major counter-revolutionary action, as on 30 October (O.S., 12 November, N.S.) Historical Dictionary of Estonia, Rowman & Littlefield, 2015, p. 169, Raun, Toivo U. The Causes of the October Revolution There are many reasons attributed to the cause of the October revolution however there are two that were the main causes. Tight grip on power. What followed was a series of sporadic clashes over control of the bridges, between Red Guard militias aligned with the Military-Revolutionary Committee and military units still loyal to the government. Other decrees: Bolshevik-led attempts to gain power in other parts of the Russian Empire were largely successful in Russia proper—although the fighting in Moscow lasted for two weeks—but they were less successful in ethnically non-Russian parts of the Empire, which had been clamoring for independence since the February Revolution. The transfer of power was not without disagreement. Reed died in 1920, shortly after the book was finished. Dmitri Shostakovich wrote his Symphony No. The soldiers wanted to the war to end, these turned to the Bolshevicks because they were the only party who also said they wanted to pull Russia out of the war. [27][28] After sporadic gunfire throughout the building, the cabinet of the Provisional Government surrendered, and were imprisoned in Peter and Paul Fortress. The actual details for the revolution were left to Leon Trotsky but the actual date for it to begin was left to Lenin. The powerpoint contains 2 lessons. While Marxist ideas and categories shaped Communist policies, the Soviet state cannot be divorced from the historical conjuncture in which it arose—a moment of total war. 1917. For Russia, it was effectively the end of the war. The Causes, Course and Extent of the October Revolution of 1917 (Part 1, The Reaction of Kerensky to the Threat of a Bolshevik Takeover) Kerensky tried to send the most radical army units out of the capital and it was rumoured that he planned to leave Petrograd to the hands of the Germans. Many Marxist-Leninist parties around the world still celebrate revolution day. In the autumn, as much as 50% of all enterprises in the Urals, the Donbas, and other industrial centers were closed down, leading to mass unemployment. Due to this mass loss of lives that the Russian army had suffered, Russia's position was in a very bad state and troops were deserting the army. Go where you belong from now on — into the dustbin of history!"[38]. "[11], In a diplomatic note of 1 May, the minister of foreign affairs, Pavel Milyukov, expressed the Provisional Government's desire to continue the war against the Central Powers "to a victorious conclusion", arousing broad indignation. [17] The Bolsheviks' influence over railroad and telegraph workers also proved vital in stopping the movement of troops. Not the one? Since 1991, increasing access to large amounts of Soviet archival materials has made it possible to re‑examine the October Revolution. Russian soldiers in the trenches of World War I. Schmoop Military Defeat in World War I The left-wing Bolsheviks were deeply unhappy with the government, and began spreading calls for a military uprising. Gross industrial production in 1917 decreased by over 36% of what it had been in 1914. Author: Created by Rivka27. It was the second revolutionary change of government in Russia in 1917. No single event caused the revolution. While the seizure of the Winter Palace happened almost without resistance, Soviet historians and officials later tended to depict the event in dramatic and heroic terms. ), 1917. [41] Over the following days, the battle against the anti-Bolsheviks continued. [23][25] The Bolsheviks delayed the assault because they could not find functioning artillery and acted with restraint to avoid needless violence. The interim government was toppled, the Soviets seized power, and Russia later terminated the Triple Entente military alliance with France and Britain. The new Soviet Government … The democratic promise of the February Revolution came to an end with the forced dissolution of the Constituent Assembly. ), the Petrograd Soviet, led by Trotsky, voted to back a military uprising. The combination of these factors provided numerous, social, economic and political causes that brought about the Russian Revolution in February 1917. It took place through an armed insurrection in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) on 25 October (Old Style, O.S.7 November, New Style or N.S.) [54], Soviet historians of the Revolution interpreted the October Revolution as being about establishing the legitimacy of Marxist ideology and the Bolshevik government. Some of the revolutionaries entered the palace at 10:25 p.m. and there was a mass entry 3 hours later. Brooklyn Commons, 388 Atlantic Avenue Brooklyn, + Google Map. It was to prevent the garrison's removal that the Military Revolutionary Committee (MRC) - the leading organizational force of the Bolshevik uprising - was formed on 20 October. [citation needed], Historical research into few events has been as influenced by the researcher's political outlook as that of the October Revolution. Bread: People in the cities were starving because of the poor economy and the fact that the army was made mostly of peasants in uniform which led to harvests not being brought in, fields not being plowed, crops not being sown, and major food shortages. October Revolution (1917) The time was ripe for war. [52], Soviet historiography of the October Revolution is intertwined with Soviet historical development. Preview. ), a group of soldiers loyal to Kerensky's government marched on the printing house of the Bolshevik newspaper, Rabochiy put (Worker's Path), seizing and destroying printing equipment and thousands of newspapers. What were the causes of the 1905 Revolution in Russia? Throughout June, July, and August 1917, it was common to hear working-class Russians speak about their lack of confidence in the Provisional Government. CAUSES OF OCTOBER REVOLUTION: _____ the main causes of the October Revolution was: Causes of the Russian October Revolution 1917 Listly by isabella-1 Here is a list of a few of the causes that led up to the Russian October Revolution in 1917 to add to to your historical knowledge! The October Revolution The Great October Socialist Revolution, known more commonly as the October Revolution or the Bolshevik Revolution, occurred in 1917 in Russia, and the revolt resulted in a leftist government coming to power. It took place through an armed insurrection in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) on 25 October (Old Style, O.S. This method of analysis focuses on the average person's experience of day-to-day life during the revolution, and pulls the analytical focus away from larger events, notable revolutionaries, and overarching claims about party views. This turned soldiers in Petrograd against Kerensky as being the Tsarist regime. [57] For them, the central actor is still the Bolshevik party, but this party triumphed "because it alone could solve the preponderance of 'general democratic' tasks the country faced" (such as the struggle for peace and the exploitation of landlords). The Provisional Government opened an offensive against the Central Powers on 1 July, which soon collapsed. Real wages fell to about 50% of what they had been in 1913. 1917, but its convocation was delayed until 5 January (O.S. The country faced the threat of financial bankruptcy. Industries and banks were nationalised by November 1917; Government took over ownership and management. In September, the garrisons in Petrograd, Moscow, and other cities, the Northern and Western fronts, and the sailors of the Baltic Fleet declared through their elected representative body Tsentrobalt that they did not recognize the authority of the Provisional Government and would not carry out any of its commands. Vladimir Lenin, who had been living in exile in Switzerland, with other dissidents organized a plan to negotiate a passage for them through Germany, with whom Russia was then at war. The strengths of the Bolshevicks and the failures of the provisional government combined was what caused the revolution. After this, the Russian Republic became the Russian SFSR and, later form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Russian Empire’s many ethnic minorities grew increasingly restive under Russian domination. On 17 July, over 500,000 people participated in what was intended to be a peaceful demonstration in Petrograd, the so-called July Days. Refusing to continue living as before, they increasingly took measures into their own hands, as can be seen by the increase in the number and militancy of the peasant's actions. Author: Created by Rivka27. These factors helped the Bolshevicks gain support. dates have been given for events. [42], On 10 November 1917 (23 November, N.S. The then prevailing condition of Russia was largely responsible for the revolution. The Cause of the American Revolution No single event caused the revolution. Created: Nov 10, 2011 | Updated: Feb 19, 2014. An event every week that begins at 7:30 PM on Monday, repeating until Mon, November 20, 2017. Kerensky was able to evade the pickets going up around the palace and to drive to meet approaching soldiers. The opposition to the Tsardom and revolutionary movement in Russia began with the Decembrists in 1825. According to Deutsche Welle: On November 7, 1917, a coup d'état went down in history as the October Revolution. Learn the basics with our essay writing guide. The people are of importance because the Bolshevicks needed their support and revolutionary potential to gain power in October. [22] The insurrection was timed and organized to hand state power to the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, which began on this day. Log in now! While Marxist ideas and categories shaped Communist policies, the Soviet state cannot be divorced from the historical conjuncture in which it arose—a moment of total war. Tsar's Russia & revolution, Hitler's rise to power revison notes. However, there was continued support for Kerensky in some of the provinces. Socially, Tsarist Russia stood well behin… Lenin confidently claimed that there is "not a shadow of hesitation in the masses of Petrograd, Moscow and the rest of Russia" in accepting Bolshevik rule. Learn more. In the meantime, the mismanagement and failures of the war turned the people - and importantly the soldiers - against the Tsar, whose decision to take personal command of the army seemed to make him personally … Cause: Tsars incomptence. Examples of these accidental and contingent factors they say precipitated the Revolution included World War I's timing, chance, and the poor leadership of Tsar Nicholas II as well as that of liberal and moderate socialists. Lenin allegedly approved of the name, reporting that it "smells of revolution". Causes of the October Revolution The Bolshevik slogan, "Bread, Peace, Land" sums up the three most important causes of the October Revolution. 1917: February Revolution | June Offensive | July Days | October Revolution | Kornilov affair. On its first and only day in session, the Constituent Assembly came into conflict with the Soviets, and it rejected Soviet decrees on peace and land, resulting in the Constituent Assembly being dissolved the next day by order of the Congress of Soviets. [53] Though both Western and Russian historians now have access to many of these archives, the effect of the dissolution of the USSR can be seen most clearly in the work of the latter. They were able to win the peasants support with their slogan "Peace, bread and land". For example, the Ukrainian Rada, which had declared autonomy on 23 June 1917, created the Ukrainian People's Republic on 20 November, which was supported by the Ukrainian Congress of Soviets. There were still shortages of food and the increased wages workers had obtained did little to provide for their families. The armed seizure of power was organised and conducted by the Bolsheviks, acting the name of Russias Soviets. Causes of the October Revolution lesson plan template and teaching resources. But now Tsar Nicholas released that for him to survive as. He returned in disguise from Finland and set the date for 6th/7th November. Effects of the October Revolution. For more details see Old Style and New Style dates. In the 1920's the soviet economy ... Lenin's Importance in the 1917 Revolutions. In response to a Bolshevik appeal, Moscow's working class began a protest strike of 400,000 workers. Workers saw these rich and powerful individuals as opponents of the Revolution, and called them "bourgeois", "capitalist", and "imperialist". Although there were a large number of events that culminated in the October 1917 Revolution, I have chosen to focus solely on those within the 20th century. The diamond 9 activity worked a dream as they all enjoyed working in groups. The workers blamed many rich and influential individuals for the overall shortage of food and poor living conditions. The event coincided with the arrival of a pro-Bolshevik flotilla—consisting primarily of five destroyers and their crews, as well as marines—in Petrograd harbor. [49], After the success of the October Revolution transformed the Russian state into a soviet republic, a coalition of anti-Bolshevik groups attempted to unseat the new government in the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1922. Russan Revolution October 1917 - Causes. This led the people who were affected, to become radicalised and support the Bolshevicks who made them promises, which they wanted. [67], The dissolution of the Soviet Union affected historical interpretations of the October Revolution. [37] When the fall of the Winter Palace was announced, the Congress adopted a decree transferring power to the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies, thus ratifying the Revolution. ), the Cheka was created by Lenin's decree. As for the "several shots in the air", there is little evidence suggesting otherwise. 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