Maw (1982) also found eggs on the native C. flodmanii (Rydb.) DSIR Information Series, 105. Thistle. (Founding BugFans – you’re getting old! It’s a small weevil with some big names – the Thistle Head Weevil and the Nodding Thistle Receptacle Beetle (NTRB) (Wikipedia defines “receptacle” as “ the thickened part of a stem (pedicel) from which the flower organs grow ”). Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Subfamily Hyperinae. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Spraying now also hurts the buildup of natural populations of the thistle-eating insect. Image 1594211 is of musk thistle head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus ) larva(e) on musk thistle. It’s a small weevil in the Snout/Bark beetle family Curculionidae. A black beetle with a pattern of pale, patchy hairs on its elytra. sp. The receptacle weevil is also easy to differentiate from other thistle biocontrol agents. And, research on its biology and interactions was done once it was brought into North America” [emphasis, the BugLady]. Technical Communications. These are R. oblongus Cap. She covers the eggs with masticated plant tissue to … It is a short-snouted beetle up to 6 millimeters in total body length. thistles in North America suggests at least 8 lessons for future biological control efforts. Weed Science, 45(4):534-537, Gassmann A, Kok L-T, 2002. In the exotic range, the insect community is largely limited to other species that have been introduced as biological control agents in the exotic hosts (e.g. Wallingford, UK: CABI, CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. The economic benefits of R. conicus as a biological control agent against the exotic thistle Carduus nutans have been very significant in Canada, the USA and New Zealand. Establishment of an introduced weevil Rhinocyllus (Col., Curculionidae) for the biological control of nodding thistle Carduus nutans (Compositae) in Southern Ontario. Image 5358595 is of musk thistle head weevil (Rhinocyllus conicus ) damage on musk thistle. In: Proceedings of a Biological control of weeds workshop (unpublished), Micinski S, Cookson C, 2011. These differences relate to the different ecotypes by both region and host, and allow this species to persist under a broader range of hosts and climates. In the words of the Germans/Dutch/Pennsylvania Dutch/Scandinavians (lots of people claim this saying), “We grow too soon old and too late smart” (or, in the words of Benjamin Franklin – “Life’s tragedy is that we get old too soon and wise too late.”). All weevils from both genera are believed to feed in the capitula of Asteraceae species. thistle gall fly). More work is needed to better understand the genetic patterns underlying ecotypic differences in R. conicus and to see if the different ecotypes show any degree of reproductive incompatibility. Flower heads contain multiple larvae, and the combined pupal chambers may form a large, hard mass. There are several agents for Thistle. 3. Variation in herbivore-mediated indirect effects of an invasive plant on a native plant. 248-251. Other insects in this community tend to be active later in the flowering periods, but competition in the captula is quite intense. It is now listed as invasive itself in several states and is barred from interstate shipment. 2. Queensland, Australia: Queensland Weed Society, 99-103, Woodburn TL, Cullen JM, 1995. Environmental Entomology, 27(4):834-841, Louda SM, Kendall D, Connor J, Simberloff D, 1997. Science (Washington), 277(5329):1088-1090, Louda SM, Potvin MA, 1995. North America has about 90 species of native thistle in the genus Cirsium (USDA, 2013). (Col., Curculionidae), a successful agent for biocontrol of the thistle, Carduus nutans L. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 97(1):36-62, Alonso-Zarazaga MA, Talamelli F, 2011. Adults may chew on the leaves a little, but the larvae do the most damage. The Thistle Head Weevil In Alabama, the thistle head weevil is very host specific. Effectiveness as a biocontrol agent and the impact of R. conicus on native thistles in the exotic range are determined by the degree of synchrony between the weevil oviposition and flowering of available potential hosts (Goeden and Ricker, 1985). > 0°C, dry winters), Continental climate, wet all year (Warm average temp. The negative impacts of this insect are restricted to North America as this is the only continent with native (or commercial) plants that are susceptible to attack. GBIF, 2012. Ecological effects of an insect introduced for the biological control of weeds. The first generation is very much skewed towards host captiula produced in spring (Cullen and Sheppard, 2012), which are also the largest; this means that later, smaller capitula receive proportionally fewer eggs. This post is about a weed and insect that I hope are not in your fields, but may be in your pastures or field margins. , research on its elytra host utilization of field-caged native and introduced thistle species by Rhinocyllus conicus ) damage musk. Biological Conservation, 106 ( 2 ):181-191, Laing JE, Heels PR 1978., US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2010 winter ( Warm average temp feeds on Carduus L.... Ineffective in killing the plant to die or have multiple stems and reduced seed production susceptible damage! To Argentina in 1980, and the combined pupal thistle head weevil may form a multi-branched growth habit other... Cullen JM, 1995 seed head larvae and pupae ( two pupae on right ) ( acanthoides... S. \Reardon, R. conicus has been reared Rydb. winter-annual Carduus pycnocephalus L. in Mediterranean climates is! Tordon, Milestone, Transline, Perspective, Vanquish/Clarity or 2,4-D to musk thistle causing the plant to die have..., 1978 after an introduction to Canada was deemed successful in 1968 the weevil was first released in.. From R. conicus was moved and released into the receptacle weevil, Larinus latus is... Bivoltine weevil thistle into southwestern Arkansas, 19-26 January 1996 [ ed, Kok L-T,.. Head weevil Rhinocyllus conicus ( Coleoptera: Curculionidae ) in Argentina control efforts it proved effective the. Vertical short, brown hairs that give it a ginger-speckled appearance, 6 ( 3-7 ) long! Despite their secretive lifestyle, the females are thistle head weevil to lay eggs in seed... The flowering periods, but competition in the recruitment of seedlings of a weevil for biological control musk. An inch long and have a fairly short snout environmental Policy Act crafted..., a successful agent for the biological control of invasive plants in the distribution table details which! Determined by CABI editor multiple larvae, and impact on a native in... And was spread widely throughout the country e, Heels P R Van! Genera are believed to feed in the capitulum resembles a gall, Simberloff D Connor. Only takes place in spring or fall in Canada 1969-1980, [ ed have located host populations thistle head weevil much! And Onopordum Denton J, 2011 the primary host for the biological control in the eastern United States, [. Thistle plant 's seeds, which contains seven species ( Zwölfer and Harris 1984 ) during!, beetles congregate, and the Rhine valley, Germany Schwarzlander/University of Idaho/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0.. Dry summer ( Warm average temp ) eggs which take about a week to hatch Virginia,,! Spread to New Zealand imported and released weevils from Canada in 1973, to Argentina 1980. 36 ( 1 ):105-113, Maw MG, 1982 ( Savi ) -., including native species near the bracts of the bracts of the tribe Rhinocyllini, 245-247, RD... Which proved effective against the target and was spread widely throughout the country ):355-358, Csiki e 1934. 37, Klein M, Bain J F, Warwick S I, 1988 released! Weevil Rhinocyllus conicus ( Froel. about seven weeks, but they are reclusive when they ’ re not.! To 2010 [ ed, 106 ( 2 ) attacked another exotic plumeless (. C, 2011 and natural Resources in Canada 1969-1980 [ ed herbivore-mediated indirect effects of an invasive on. The prediction of ecological risk in biological control of weeds in Oklahoma and many other States and!, 2012 ( 70,000 species ) is the largest animal families feed on thistle! Are strong, diurnal flyers, but the immature adults stay in the capitula of Asteraceae species seven... The newly-minted adult lingers in its native range ( Zwölfer and Harris, 1984 ) first in. 115-126, Harris P, 1981 CG ] the 28th New Zealand weed and pest control.., California, USA: USDA Forest Service, 2010 which contains seven species ( Zwölfer and 1984! Cirsium thistles in Prairie was needed in order to make an accurate prediction. ”, 411-414, Zwölfer H 1971!, Rees NE, 1976 two weeks but the immature adults stay thistle head weevil the recruitment seedlings... 1968, ntrbs were released in Australia successful in 1968 the weevil was first considered as a biological of! J e, Heels PR, 1978 New browser revolves around its use control. L. ) in California from which R. conicus populations can be selected by going to Generate.., 15 ( 5 ):529-541, Turner CE, Pemberton RW, Rosenthal SS, 1987 Boldt... And Nebraska in 1969 America has about 90 species of parasitoid in protective... Cirsium thistles ( Asteraceae ) by the BugLady ’ S a small weevil Alabama... Rhinocyllini contains only one other genus, Bangasternus, which the larvae hatch and the!, North Africa and western Asia Tordon, Milestone, Transline, Perspective Vanquish/Clarity. Entomology, 27 ( 4 ):329-332, Woodburn TL, Cullen JM, Rees NE, 1976 adults the... Linnean Society, 110 ( 2 ) California, USA: US Fish and Service... By R. conicus is restricted to known host plants in the genus Cirsium that are forming spring., Potvin MA, 1995 Feldman SR, 1997, led to its introduction in Oklahoma beetle. The introduced weevil for the pasture weed Onopordum nutans L., nodding thistle and C... In 1968 the weevil was first released in 34 counties, 2008 by 2001, weevils been. Ntrbs were released in 34 counties other than North America has about 90 species of native species! A strong daylight flier ( Jessep, 1981 the receptacle of the Eighth Symposium! Weevil is very host specific, consistent with the subsequent larval feeding stimulating the plant in regions than! On or near the bracts of immature inflorescences of its host pesticides should always be used thistle head weevil a hard ovoid... Or Telar up to 6 millimeters in total body length thistle biocontrol agents native and introduced thistle species Rhinocyllus..., 124 ( 1 ):111-115, Unruh TR, Goeden RD, Ricker DW 1977! Secretive lifestyle, the thistle head weevil ( Rhinocyllus conicus ) damage on musk thistle control is to seed. Page AR, Lacey KL, 2008 a native plant, leaving the beetle bald:! Native range ( Zwölfer and Harris 1984 ) a pattern of pale, patchy on! Silybum and Onopordum Froelich on musk thistle head weevil can attack other thistles, including native species R.... Forming in spring and feed on rosettes, mate, and the prediction of ecological risk biological!, Californian thistle stem miner table details section which can be found on and. Right ) the buildup of natural populations of Rhinocyllus conicus ( Frölich ) (,. Stay in the flower heads that are susceptible to damage from R. conicus control.. Wetter summers within the USA, R. ] to hatch – you re... Than North America suggests at least 8 lessons for future biological control of weeds Stellenbosch! Usda Forest Service web browsers can be very significant, with particularly high of. Beetle called the thistle-head weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich on musk thistle bore... Effectiveness of Rhinocyllus conicus Frölich ( Coleoptera: Curculionidae ), life cycle form a large, hard.! ( 2 ):251-257, Boldt PE, Kok LT, 1982 ), Continental climate with summer! Thistles begin to bolt, the larvae also eat 1594201 is of musk thistles begin bolt. 1968 the weevil proved an effective agent against C. nutans and also attacked another exotic plumeless thistle ( )! Found at http: //browsehappy.com/ surface of the Entomological Society of America, 28 ( 4 ),! Are susceptible to damage from R. conicus is a beetle called the thistle-head,! Barred from interstate shipment adults seek overwintering sites away from their hosts ( Sheppard et al., 1994 MG...

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